Break-out Group #1: Break-out Group #2: Vegetation disturbance and recovery break out group summary The main outcome of our discussion was the need for an increase in communication between different groups working on vegetation disturbance and recovery within JULES. It seems there is significant ongoing work within this area (including fire, land use change, drought, ozone damage, inundation, wind stress, biotic stress, forest regrowth. Both in terms of model development and model evaluation/optimisation) but not a lot of coordination between these groups. It would be good to ensure, for example, that useful science developments can be pulled through into RED when it becomes active and are not TRIFFID specific. The interaction between different vegetation stresses/disturbances may also be important (e.g. during drought increased risk of fire, hydraulic failure, biotic attack may have compounding effects) and increased interaction between groups will allow ideas on these interactions to be shared. With this in mind, a new discussion group/JPEG will be set up on vegetation disturbance and recovery. An email will be sent to the JULES mailing list to gauge interest and further questions should be sent to Simon Jones (s.r.g.jones@exeter.a.uk). Break-out Group #3: Break-out Group #4: The key points we discussed in the UKESM BoG were: The long timescales of ESM development and their alignment with the CMIP timelines, including the likely analysis period for CMIP7 fast track simulations. New capability within UKESM2 such as emissions-driven vs concentration-driven options for CO2 and CH4. There will be two variants of UKESM2 with "emergent" and "central" climate sensitivities, inherited from efforts by the upstream physical climate model, HadGEM-GC5. Future developments in JULES that could aim to be implemented in a possible UKESM3: e.g., permafrost and temperate peatland, tropical peatland, RED vegetation dynamics, land-ocean and land-river interactions. Future development outside of JULES relevant to UKESM3: e.g., LFric based grid and what that is, MO supercomputer updates. Thanks, Phil and Amy